AI Use Policy
Updated: 10 September 2026
I use AI in parts of the research, structuring, language editing, and revision process on this site. For most articles, I develop the main idea and write the initial draft; AI helps review sources, organize the argument, improve the prose, and work through revisions. I review and approve the final text, and remain responsible for its content. Some articles may use AI to produce a larger part of the initial draft; those cases are disclosed in the article itself. This page is a self-declaration of my current practice, not independent assurance.
Site development
I use AI while coding this website. It can help propose, explain, review, or revise code, but I decide what is accepted and remain responsible for what is deployed.
How I write
For most articles, I develop the main idea and write the initial draft. I use AI to help review sources, structure the text, improve the prose, and work through successive rounds of revision. I then review and approve the final text myself. Some articles may use AI to prepare a larger part of the initial draft; I disclose that contribution in the article’s transparency note. Because the ideas, editorial decisions, and final responsibility remain mine, I identify myself—not the AI service—as the author.
Human review
Nothing is published automatically. I read, question, edit, and approve the final text myself. AI assistance does not transfer editorial judgment or accountability to a model or service.
Sources and factual claims
If AI suggests a source, I open and examine that source before relying on it. An AI answer is not treated as evidence by itself. When I cannot check a claim adequately, I qualify it, revise it, or omit it.
Cover illustrations
I use generative AI to create the editorial cover illustrations in my current article workflow. They are illustrations, not documentary evidence. Legacy screenshots, photographs, third-party assets, and other images are not reclassified as AI-generated by this statement.
When a separate article disclosure is used
Routine spelling, grammar, and language polishing are covered by this site-wide policy and do not require a separate notice on every article. When AI makes a material contribution to preparing a substantial part of an article, I add a specific note explaining that contribution. I do not infer or fabricate historic AI-use records.
Limits and review
This policy does not certify that content is error-free, original, independently audited, or backed by C2PA Content Credentials. I review it when the workflow, disclosure threshold, tools, or publication formats materially change, and at least every six months.
Related editorial responsibilities are described in the Publishing Principles.